Mobile email devices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Versatile email gadgets - Essay Example In this paper, the defender incorporates basic assessment of electronic mail as a specialized apparatus in associations. Specifically, there is a need to especially realize how does the utilization of portable email gadgets sway on current comprehension of email use. Versatile email gadgets amidst mechanical headway especially in the advancement of data innovation, messages have been so significant in everyday progression of business exchanges, correspondence framework and in associating individuals around the globe. Everybody appears can't stand to misfortune correspondence because of the way that to impart at a quick pace has become an essential need and not a minor extravagance. It is in this explanation that innovation has been improved preceding coordinating a framework that can be promptly utilized for a relentless correspondence action. Advanced cells From their first presence in the market, PDAs have been seen as dynamic figures of extravagance because of the creation and mor e improvements on their highlights. The assembling organizations for advanced mobile phones are to be sure fruitful in invigorating business sector requirements for their line of contributions on account of their acknowledgment on their highlights as well as for their whole worth that can't be only characterized. PCs Laptops are different devices utilized in correspondence today. Because of their movability contrasted with PCs, they are generally refreshing particularly when a client ventures a great deal and is conveying significant data that should be electronically put away. With their helpful bundle and highlights, PCs are sold wherever due to their benefit and common sense contingent upon their particular and critical use. Consolidated cell phones and PCs This is the most current advancement of today’s present day times. The highlights of cell phones and workstations are consolidated together to think of one noteworthy items joining the limit of both cell phones and PCs. This can be seen as creative results of driving cell phone makers on the planet. One straightforward delineation how the highlights of cell phones and workstations are joined is the making of iPods from Apple Incorporated, Blackberries and other related items conveying other brand names. Email use and the effect of versatile email gadgets With the approach of present day cell phones, messages can be gotten to and made wherever particularly within the sight of rapid broadband association and wi-fi association. Be that as it may, there are various sorts of messages and they can be altogether recognized by their motivation. Kinds of messages There are various sorts of messages and they for the most part comprise of spam, business and individual things. These messages are regular today and they are what make email supplier organizations gainful in this kind of business. These messages can be gotten to immediately from any accessible cell phones particularly those that can promptly ride the web whenever, anyplace. Messages that can cause enthusiastic response are those that especially include the issue about fulfillment and inspiration which explicitly cause a response. These messages are generally associated with the corporate setting and even outside of the business world. It relies upon the fundamental idea that is remembered for the email that includes it on the enthusiastic contemplations. There are likewise messages that express feeling and these are types that originate from companions and by and large from the corporate world. They can likewise trigger issues about fulfillment and inspiration. Messages from intuitive informal organization for example are additionally competent enough to communicate feelings. This engages nearly everybody and tempts them to go access and surf the web.

Agriculture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Agribusiness - Essay Example I want to utilize the term neighborhood to allude to a specific state however the term can likewise be applied to the whole US. If there should be an occurrence of food items, there are a lot of highlights that are considered by the purchasers. I devoured privately delivered chicken just as hand crafted grape drink. I possibly needed to see whether there is any distinction between privately created food items and those imported from different nations. I found that privately delivered chicken tasted better contrasted with chicken imported from nations like Brazil. I accumulated that chicken imported from Brazil is produced using hereditarily changed living beings and it is excessively fat. In any case, our privately created chicken is not the same as the imported items. It is unique and it tastes great. Simply a similar like the grape drink that I expended for two continuous days. It had a unique taste because of the way that it had little added substances. From this experience, I assembled that items that are intended for the nearby market are unique and they frequently have significant expenses contrasted with low quality items that are imported from other neighborhood markets. Inventiveness is the primary angle that has spoke to my inclinations towards privately created merchandise. I have come to understand that when you need to get nearby items while doing your shopping, you should peruse the name and attempt to pick up inform ation about where the item was made. I have likewise noticed that privately created items have marginally more significant expenses in the event that they are unique contrasted with hereditarily altered items sourced from other local markets. Aside from contrasts in the expense of neighborhood and territorial items, the quality likewise varies. From doing this activity, I have understood that the term nearby is equivalent with quality and innovation. Nearby individuals frequently relate to the items that are privately delivered and they get pride from these. As far as

Negotiation Analysis

May 2, 2010 UPS/Teamsters exchange in 1997 Introduction In 1997 joined bundle administration and the Teamsters were on table again after 1993’s agreement arrangement. It was regular since 1980’s that association imparted signs to the board about huge concessions before each arrangement. Association made it understood before the 1997 exchanges began that â€Å"These dealings are about just a single thing and that is making enhancements that will give our individuals the security, openings, wellbeing, and way of life that they deserve† (Witt, Wilson, 1999). In 1996 UPS revealed $22. 4 billion of deals. 0 percent of the ground bundle conveyance business was leveled out of joined package administration. UPS had 185,000 Teamsters representatives. Lion's share of these representatives were part clocks and other full clocks. While detailed being a productive organization UPS the board said that to remain gainful and beat its rivals they have to arrange the agreement car efully and its representatives need to help out them. The accentuation on universal business and sped up air shipments was driving the development of the organization. The air side of UPS works practically independently than the ground activities. This is the place individuals worked odd hours and needed to fulfill tight operational time constraints. The ground divide likewise comprised of dominant part of the low maintenance laborers (Budd, 1997). The Teamsters was a piece of the AFL-CIO. AFL-CIO was an alliance comprised of 78 diverse national and global associations. In general it had most than 13 million individuals. Teamster was a major in it too. It was introducing 1. 4 million individuals including around 400,000 retired people both in United States and Canada. Association pioneers advised its individuals to be hostile in the exchange to remain in power. Teamster had numerous part clocks in their enrollment and these part clocks made 57% of the absolute UPS workers. These part clocks had enormous stakes in this arrangement and were anticipating get heard in the exchange. The subcontracting was a major issue for these part clocks which additionally made a major piece of the complete Teamster work enrollment (Bacon, 1997) and (Witt, Wilson, 1999). Examination At the hour of 1997-contract exchange, democrats were in power. Mr. Clinton was on the president seat. As democrats are seen verifiably for the associations, teamster could expect government support without a doubt. The 1997 economy was doing extraordinary. It had the extraordinary blend of solid development in residential item, singular salary and extremely low swelling rate. There was additionally low joblessness rate as of now. Economy was extending in year 1997 since 1991 (USDA, 1997). This was preferring teamster, which was all prepared for the exchange with UPS. Strong economy implied that UPS was doing extraordinary in the business. UPS revealed an incredible deal in year 1996, which was, assume increment in 1997. The board had no motivations to lay back on worker requests. They were in a decent situation to be progressively liberal and providing for their representatives on the off chance that they needed. Low joblessness rates likewise put UPS in a troublesome position. On the off chance that Teamster needed to protest UPS could have tough time filling all the opportunities. The circumstance was in extraordinary kindness of the association side on the off chance that they needed to strike (Lecture notes). Starting requests Both sides accompanied their own arrangements and guaranteed their arrangements to be advantageous to the representatives. Both UPS and teamsters saw favorable position of controlling the annuity reserves. The executives needed withdrawal of its commitment to the annuity reserves. By pulling out of this arrangement organization could be in an ideal situation monetarily. It could cost UPS around $700 million in pull back obligation charges. To escape 31 multiemployer plans. Rather UPS was happy to contribute $1 billion per year to a solitary boss arrangement. UPS needed the full control of the benefits reserves. UPS offered to give a solitary advantage annuity plan to both full and low maintenance representatives. Another offer that administration made on the table was to make another organization controlled human services program. The association regulated the present arrangement and the executives needed full control of the program and vowed to give same existing advantages (Bradford, 1997). Association opened with requests that it professed to be fundamental for its individuals. These interest included reasonable wages and respectable annuities plan. At the time full time UPS workers earned $19. 50 every hour and furthermore 410 to $11 every hour in borders. As indicated by the association the board their individuals had the right to have the option to carry on with an OK life. Next association concern was about its low maintenance representatives. As the greater part of the worker working at UPS was part clocks, their voice was additionally solid in the exchange requests. Association requested to make these part clocks full clocks and give them same compensation rate and full clocks. Professional stability was likewise an issue that association needed to be tended to in the exchange (Bradford, 1997). UPS had faith in subcontracted to make organization progressively gainful and association was very much aware of this reality. In the past exchanges UPS had won subcontracting arrangements and the board needed to keep this advantage in their plate in this exchange also. In any case, association didn't care for the manner in which things went in the last arrangement, and this time they needed to ensure that they don't let the executives exploit subcontracting. Association was extremely solid on the conviction that its individuals merited the employer stability which is just conceivable by disposing of the subcontracting. Occupation wellbeing and wellbeing enhancements were likewise extraordinary worries to the association in this arrangement. Association accepted that UPS worker get harmed all the more frequently security was a major concern. Association accepted that current wellbeing programs were insufficient. An improvement was certainly required around there too (Schulz, 1997). UPS methodologies To plan for the 1997 arrangement, Teamster began dissecting the executives past and forward-thinking exchange strategies. The board procedures included move of more outstanding burden to bring down compensation part clocks and furthermore extend subcontracting. Despite the fact that organization was making benefit right now, organization needed to set aside cash to expand its complete benefit (Witt, Wilson, 1999). The executives proposed little compensation increment than in the past exchanges. Beginning with lower wage increment could profit the organization in counterbalancing any laborers proposition during the exchanges. Division among part clocks and full clocks could likewise profit the board as the two sides would have various needs and will profit the executives on the arrangements table (Witt, Wilson, 1999). In 1994, when UPS raise the bundle weight, numerous reformers needed to exit yet numerous old-watch neighborhood pioneers asked them not to work out. The board accepted that equivalent will occur if the individuals needed to strike in this arrangement. The board was under impression that if the top association initiative will need to have a strike the old-watch local people won't bolster it (Witt, Wilson, 1999) and (Bradford, 1997). Association systems Union was very much aware of the way that enrollment solidarity was the key for the accomplishment of the exchange. To assemble enrollment solidarity association needed to ensure they everybody is in the same spot. Association began a yearlong crusade to well plan for the exchange table. Before the agreement was lapsed, association took an overview of every one of its individuals. The review needed everybody of rank their needs of the requests. The key thing in this review was that individuals were additionally gotten some information about the exercises part were eager to take an interest to help win this arrangement (Witt, Wilson, 1999). Toward the finish of the studies culmination association had a smart thought of what its participation needed and how the things will be continue. This progression helped association gain its members’ certainty and its individuals likewise felt being a piece of the procedure. The studies helped Teamster to converse with their individuals and urge them to get required into contract crusade. Teamster’s primary crucial to locate a shared opinion for all its enrollment (TDU, 2007). Association pioneers gave underscoring a shot the regular interests of both part clocks and full clocks. Association had a go at persuading its individuals that regardless of whether they are full clocks or part clocks, the issues they will be battling for on the arrangement table will be advantageous to the two sides. A superior annuity plan will profit full clocks also the part clocks as better benefits plan will urge full clocks to resign early. Discovering this shared view was significant for the association, so it can make management’s technique of division among full clocks and part clocks would come up short (Witt, Wilson, 1999) and (TDU, 2007). To make its crusade fruitful teamster concentrated on building a more grounded organize among its individuals. Association took a stab at making the same number of individuals conceivable to engage in the crusade. Teamsters fabricated a part to-part system to get the message out about the crusade and to get however many UPS Teamsters required as could be allowed. Exchange Table By knowing precisely what its individuals needed, teamster began arrangement by being exceptionally forceful about its requests. On the beginning of the dealing, UPS opened by requesting enormous concessions. It was the same old thing for the Union. It was a normally utilized strategy by the administration to detail with low contribution so teamsters bring down their desires. The executives needed to ensure that it doesn't wind up surrendering excessively and by making introductory offers low it can change Teamster’s psyches to battle for large concessions (TDU, 2007). There were two major issues where the two sides self-destructed. First issue was the benefits plan. As we referenced before the two sides was benefits in controlling the annuity reserves. UPS offered one arrangement on the exchange table. Under which the future retirees will get month to month benefits equivalent to $100 every month for every one of the years they have worked for the organization. Under this arrangement a full time representative who might resign in the wake of laboring for a long time for the organization would acquire $35,000 every month as their annuity. Under this p

Worlds Together, Worlds Apart free essay sample

During 1600-1750, the travelers from the nations of Europe keep on investigating for new nations to populate and wealth to trade back to their nation. A portion of the reasons the Europeans felt upgraded to the locals they happened upon were their boss innovation and distinctive strict convictions. The civic establishments of Asia and the Middle East stayed inside their characteristic limits on the grounds that the pioneers of Japan, China, India and the Middle East were agreeable inside their countries.New thoughts traded with the individuals of various societies bring new learning, developments, and innovation extraordinarily to the developing urban areas of Europe. Europe turns into the focal point of riches, influence, and colonization. The requirement for silver, sugar, flavors, silks, cotton and porcelain drove exchange with the goal that items from each worldwide area could be found for all intents and purposes each. here else. Silver permitted economies to become corporate greed and started to fortify the hand of European exchange. A few states became more grounded in view of exchange( England, France, Holland, Japan). We will compose a custom article test on Universes Together, Worlds Apart or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Others became destabilize( the Mussels, the Mining, the Ottomans, the Safaris). European discovered riches in the new universes ripe ands by building ranches or collecting hides. Riches went to military influence rapidly. Financial matters and governmental issues turned out to be firmly interlaced with one giving assets and the other guard. Settlement of the Caribbean gave a lift to the African slave exchange. Manor chiefs worked captives to death under sickening day to day environments, slaves worked six days per week morning to night.Slaves were shipped to slave ports along the African coast where numerous passed on of craving and sickness hanging tight for a boats hold to be full. African slave masters who caught and offered captives to European purchasers benefitted significantly. Provincial pioneers battled about control of the slave exchange. Port urban areas harbored most riches while the inside got poor and deprived of its nation populace. The Dutch East India Company cornered the flavor exchange of southeast Asia receiving forceful strategies against rivals. The Ottomans had to give up significant European possessions because of poor initiative and financial aspects getting out of balance.The McHugh Empire burdened land proprietors and let exchange come to India, this expanded exchange riches, deed to the utilization of silver as the mode of trade and gave new yields to Indian workers. On the drawback developing riches among chinas neighborhood pioneers debilitated focal control of the Mining and Mussels in India. Abroad exchange delivered no benefits for the court yet exceedingly enhanced neighborhood traders and dealers. Chinas economy experienced fast development and related issues. Silver imports invigorated development and expanded incomes however hurt the peasantry.China experienced expansion when an excess of silver was infused into chinas household economy. Interruptions in the progression of silver from outside china likewise harmed the neighborhood economy. Europeans has built up significant nearness in Japan as dealers and teachers, steady battling and rivalry upset soundness. Japanese specialists prohibited Christianity which prompted vicious concealments and ejections of remote evangelists. Under exacting oversight just the Dutch could exchange with Japan. Somewhere in the range of 1600 and 1 750, religion, trade, and fighting changed Europe and change the idea of political power.

Investigating The Mechanism And Impact Of Nectar Card Marketing Essay

Exploring The Mechanism And Impact Of Nectar Card Marketing Essay To investigate the viability of client driven hypothesis by the usage of unwaveringness cards in retail business. To make a basic survey about the activity and achievement of Nectar card Sainsbury in keeping up the client relationship in current business condition. To research progressively about some commonsense hypotheses utilized by Sainsbury for the usage of Nectar cards in their business. To assess the effect of Nectar card among Sainsbury clients to call attention to some significant proposals along these lines to improve the viability of nectar card in business of Sainsbury. Research foundation In this serious market the primary factor influencing the business is the successful key administration in the business. Data innovation is the best factor now days. In this way all the business associations are to be cautious in keeping up compelling IT related techniques for the successful business. Sainsbury is an entrenched grocery store organize in London. They have made a key methodology by utilizing the IT area as by utilizing the nectar card as a support of the client where as utilizing it as the data authority for the powerful business. They for the most part center to meet client prerequisites. In this proposed explore I am wanting to do an examination on the nectar card utilized by the Sainsbury at Holborn, London. By utilizing this viable technique of the board Sainsbury have accomplished a wide scope of clients at Holborn. As they utilize this card to keep a refreshed record of information of their clients and to monitor their customary clients. By this exploration I am concentrating on the fundamental areas on the vital use of the data innovation of the Nectar card in the business the board of the Sainsbury. Association BACKGROUND: Sainsbury, An association with over 140 years of age opened its first showroom in the year 1869 by Mr. John James and Mary Ann Sainsbury from the hour of its foundation towards Sainsbury has very well vital making arrangements for the moment we can see that Sainsbury opened its first showroom in Drury path, it was the one of the most unfortunate region in the in the nation England and they began to sell the great items at the lower rate which pulled in individuals everywhere and from the time being the pace of accomplishment of key choice were extremely high which lead to the development of the Sainsbury from 1 store to the 800 stores continuously 2010. The other fundamental technique received by the Sainsbury was they plan to offer to item under their own image name and first among them was the smoked bacon. The bacon was smoked in their in store under the smoking broiler. Sainsbury had an extremely huge lack of the laborers during the First World War and they began to select ladies to work in their coming up and numerous other store jobs were alloted to the ladies. (j-sainsbury,2009) In 1950s Sainsbury our self help stores are begun in the UK much before numerous contenders have executed and this had made Sainsbury an alternate store from others ceaselessly the systems received by the organization goes at higher achievement rate one of the outcome among them was the in the year 1969 their own image items represented the half of their turn over.(j-sainsbury,2009) Objective OF SAINSBURY: The significant o objective of the Sainsbury is by giving acceptable quality shopping involvement with the advantageous cost with the most excellent accessible in the market. Sainsbury focuses on the higher client desires for the every day lives which makes the life of the client easier.(j-sainsbury,2009) Estimations OF SAINSBURY: Sainsbury esteem for the energy for the sound, protected, new and scrumptious nourishments, our concentrations towards conveying extraordinary items at reasonable costs, a past filled with advancement and initiative and a solid respect for the social, moral and natural impacts of our activity have kept on standing the trial of time. (j-sainsbury,2009) Five significant standards followed by the Sainsbury are: Bringing the best for the food and wellbeing. Honesty in sourcing Condition regard. Stamping beneficial outcomes in the network. Making working condition a superior work environment. (j-sainsbury,2009) Writing REVIEW: Devotion CARD: Devotion card is an another advertising methodology embraced by numerous business association and dependability card is given by various association and showcased by various association in various name and some among them is the Nectar card, Club card, Reward card and so forth. Generally unwaveringness card is a plastic or paper card typically appears as though credit or charge card in which the name of the card holder will be engraved notwithstanding the card. Dependability card is the typical name well known in the UK locale and its name changes in various area on the planet. The opposite side of the card ordinarily will have an attractive strip or a scanner tag so they can be handily filtered to the framework when buying the items. (loyalty,2008). A retail firm in the in the retail business may give this unwaveringness card towards the clients or purchasers which can be then utilized as a distinguishing proof methodology so as to locate the specific client. The dependability gives the information of the customer viewing demography just as the other significant information. It gives information, for example, the location just as the quantity of families in the home. Every single faithfulness card gave by the retail product will have client security explanation just as the non-revelation information about the clients and these information won't be unveiled between the others clients of a similar retailing area. These information gave by the reliability card can be utilized for the both remotely just as inside. These information can be utilized to examine the information such which will be better and most loved brand for the specific client or whether the customer is vegan or not.( loyalty,2008) EPOS: Electronic purpose of deals: EPOS information are generally utilized by the retailing bunches like grocery stores, hypermarkets, drug stores, scientific experts, comfort stores, little autonomous stores, petroleum bunks, money and convey, off permit just as in bars and cafés. Electronic purpose of deals information are the much valuable information to the retailer like the one which when the client swipe the card at the till of the shop all the subtleties like what all are the things bought by the shopper will goes towards the advertising wing and according to the information accessible the promoting wing can ready to break down the client and they can give gives prizes and faithfulness program as indicated by the taste and nature of the purchasers or clients.( loyalty,2009) NECTAR CARD: Nectar card is a faithfulness card just as an unwaveringness reward program fundamentally situated in the UK locale provided with the association of the business monsters like Sainsbury, American express and BP. The nectar card was brought into UK in later of 2002. (nectar,2009) Nectar is kept up by the private association named Loyalty Management Group UK and now it turned into the piece of Group air plan. The helpline is for the most part dependent on the Tyne and in Mumbai. Nectar card has kept up a multi year plan from the year 2002 and therefore assisted with surpassing the club card gave by the Tesco and constantly 2010 Nectar card has became well known 2in the UK. (nectar,2002) Sainsbury utilizes the information from the nectar card by the procedure of EPOS. Sainsbury valuate every single client by the procedure of EPOS administrations gave by the nectar card. At the hour of charging process Sainsbury stores every datum in the database through this procedure they can have the option to examine what all are the items which are generally sold in the specific day and they can break down the patterns in shopping of the buyers just as the clients. By investigating the database of every client they can have the option to break down the flavor of the shoppers like whether the individual in question is vegan or non veggie lover through this dissect they can have the option to give specific proposal toward to the specific items for the clients and simultaneously they can have the option to give offers to the items which are not typically utilized by the buyer. During every season for instance during the period of Christmas if purchaser or client expends wines they c an have the option to give occasional proposals to the specific items at specific time. (j-sainsbury,2003). Method of reasoning I had been utilized by the firm and have discovered that with the coming of dedication cards the organization is equipped for advancing its deals without any problem. The dependability cards have made market examination and misuse of client conduct convey with ostensible use viably than some other strategy. Thus being from an IT foundation and as learning Business Management, I thought to keep me ahead in this period of innovation based business. This exploration will horn me with more information. Speculation Dedication cards are the least complex approaches to examination and comprehend periodical client conduct and to advance business provincially. Technique Wear Erwin says The principle purpose behind contemplating research technique is that it gives a dependable, demonstrated methods for giving new, solid information that collect the developing assemblage of knowledge.(Ethridge,2004,p.10) The approach of research can be clarified as the orderly strategy to tackle the exploration issue or the logical technique for doing the examination and meeting the goals of the exploration. Research strategies and system firmly related pieces of the exploration, in which the approach has numerous measurements and technique can be seen as the piece of .This makes the strategy of an examination constantly more extensive than the exploration strategy. Consequently in this setting scientist should very much aware about the exploration techniques just as system before doing an examination. (Kumar, 2008, p.5) The exploration can be characterized based on various components like targets, information utilized, information assortment techniques, the utilization of the examination, approach of the scientist and so on most

10 Reasons You Should Talk to Strangers

10 Reasons You Should Talk to Strangers Don’t talk to strangers. This was one of the biggest rules during my childhood.My mother never got tired of reminding me to be wary of people I did not know.I am pretty sure I am not the only one who was repeatedly warned not to talk to strangers.As kids, we were taught that strangers are bad people, and that we should not talk to them under any circumstance.Our parents had a good reason for teaching us not to trust strangers.There are some mean and dangerous people out there, and as children, we were not very good at discerning the intentions of people we interacted with.By telling us not to talk to strangers, our parents were trying to protect us.As we grow into adults, we learn to differentiate people with good intentions from those with bad intentions.We learn that the majority of people in society are not sociopaths, that most people are actually quite friendly.As an adult, it doesn’t make a lot of sense to avoid talking to strangers, because there is not much to fear.You ca n easily tell whether a person has malicious intentions and avoid them.If anything, talking to strangers is a good thing.It helps us expand our network and build relationships with other people.Unfortunately, despite having learnt how to tell good people from those who mean us harm, the fear of talking to strangers instilled during our childhood remains.This is why many of us feel uneasy about talking to someone we do not know.The thought of approaching a stranger and initiating conversation makes us nervous.Because of this, we close off ourselves in our own little world, within our own small circle of friends, and in so doing, we miss out on opportunities to meet new, exciting people.As an adult, reaching out to new people has the potential to do you more good than harm.Below are ten reasons why you should start talking to strangers. 1. IT IS AN OPPORTUNITY TO MAKE NEW FRIENDSFriends are very important. Friends keep us from being lonely, they encourage us to go after our dreams, th ey teach us new things, they help us make better choices in life, they help us deal with stress, and provide us with support when we need it.Various studies have even shown that having a lot of strong friendships is good for your physical and mental health.But here is the thing â€" you are not born together with your friends. If you think about all your close friends today, they were all strangers at one point in life.Therefore, if you want to make more friends, you have to be willing to talk to strangers, who will then hopefully turn into good friends.All the strangers you see around you on a daily basis all present you with an opportunity to make a new friend.That guy you bump into at the gym a couple of times every week could be a potential work out partner.The lady from the office next to yours?Perhaps she loves salsa as much as you do and would love someone to accompany her to dance classes.Unfortunately, you will never know if you don’t talk to them.By keeping your mouth shu t, you are robbing yourself of the chance to meet an exciting person and make a new friend.Therefore, next time you bump into that stranger you see almost every day, go to them and strike up a conversation.2. STRANGERS COULD LEAD TO NEW FRIENDSWhile strangers present opportunities for you to make new friends, you obviously won’t hit it off with every new person you talk to.However, you don’t know where the conversation might lead.Even if you don’t end up making a connection with the person, they might introduce you to someone else who ends up becoming a good friend.For instance, let’s assume that, after striking up a conversation with the lady from the office next door, you find out that you don’t really have much in common.However, as you talk about your likes and interests, she mentions that she has a friend who has a passion for the same things as you.She can introduce you to her friend, who can then end up becoming a great friend.Alternatively, the lady might invite yo u to a party where you end up meeting more new people and becoming friends with some of them.3. MEET A POTENTIAL MATETalking to strangers also provides you with an opportunity to meet the love of your life.Think about your current romantic partner or someone you ever dated before.For most of you, this person was once a stranger who later turned into a lover. I am living proof of this.There is this one time I went to a restaurant, and since it was quite full, I had to share a table with a pretty lady.I said hi to her and we engaged in some small talk as we waited for our meals.The conversation went on as we ate our food, and once we were done with our meals, we exchanged phone numbers.This led to more conversations and more lunches together.Eventually, the stranger I decided to talk to at the restaurant ended up becoming my wonderful wife.Just like in my case, talking to strangers provides you with an opportunity to meet a potential mate.That man or lady sitting next to you on the tr ain or standing on the queue with you at the supermarket could be your soul mate.However, you will never know if you don’t talk to them.The best part is that you don’t need to use any cheesy pickup lines or any other such stuff.Simply be friendly, strike up a casual conversation and see where it leads.4. GAIN A NEW PERSPECTIVESometimes, talking to strangers does not lead to friendships or new romantic relationships. There is a chance that you will actually never meet some of these people again.However, having even that one conversation with them can be an eye opener.The stranger might change your perspective and give you a new way of looking at things that you have never considered before.5. EXPAND YOUR BUSINESS NETWORKIn your professional life, your network is very important.Your network opens up opportunities for new business and new jobs, helps you climb up the corporate ladder, expands your support network, makes you more visible, helps you learn more about your field, and s o on.This is why virtually all career coaches extol the importance of networking.Here is the kicker â€" networking requires you to actively go out and talk to strangers.Networking events are essentially platforms for strangers with common interests to meet and talk to each other.If the only people you ever talk to are your relatives and close friends, you can forget about building a business network.Many successful people actually confess that the biggest breaks and opportunities in their professional lives came as a result of talking to strangers.Therefore, in your professional life, you should make it a habit to talk to strangers on a daily basis.As these people turn from strangers into acquaintances and probably friends, you never know which one of them will provide you with an opportunity that will help advance your career.6. TALKING TO STRANGERS COULD LEAD TO GREAT FUNTalking to strangers can also be great fun and make up for a spontaneous, exciting day.Actually, for some peopl e, the joy of traveling comes from meeting strangers and having experiences they had not planned for. I can recall several instances in my life where talking to a stranger ended up making for a spontaneous and fun filled experience.There is this one time I was on vacation on Lamu Island.While having lunch at my hotel, I got into a conversation with some guy, and he invited me to a party that was he was going to.I decided to tag along for the party, which was being held on a floating bar smack in the middle of the ocean.That party turned out to be one of the best moments I had during my vacation, and all this happened because I just happened to talk to a stranger at the hotel.Just like my experience during my vacation, sparking up conversations with strangers can spice up your experience and lead to a lot of fun.7. YOU NEVER KNOW YOU MIGHT MEET â€" IT’S YOUR CHANCE TO FIND OUTThe best part of talking to strangers is that you never know who you might meet.The person running on the t readmill next to you might have a job opportunity for you, they might be in the market for the piece of real estate you are trying to sell, they might run for president one day (who wouldn’t love being a close friend to the president), or they might end becoming your husband or wife.You have literally no idea what to expect from the interaction unless you actually step up and initiate a conversation with the stranger.By talking to them, you open up a world of numerous possibilities. You don’t know what opportunities you miss by keeping to yourself.8. IMPROVE YOUR SOCIAL SKILLSSaying that social skills and communication skills are important is an understatement.If you want to achieve much, both in your professional and personal life, you need to know how to communicate and interact with other people.Many successful people will tell you that much of their success can be attributed to their excellent people skills.Your social skills are just like any other skill â€" they get better the more you practice, and you get rusty the longer you go without practicing them.Talking to strangers on a daily basis provides you with the perfect opportunity to practice and improve this important skill.As you talk to people you have never talked to before, the more you learn how to make small talk, how to start conversations, how to break away from conversations, and how to generally have engaging and meaningful interactions with other people.9. LEARN NEW THINGSAs the common saying goes, birds of a feather flock together. Most of your close friends are just like you.They probably like the same things as you, they have similar educational accomplishments, the make almost the same amount of money as you, you know almost similar things, you have similar world views, and so on.Interacting with this close circle of friends and acquaintances all the time limits your ability to learn new things.Strangers, on the other hand, are nothing like you.They don’t have the same experiences as you, their educational achievements are different from yours, their world view is different, their interests are different, and so on.Talking to strangers therefore provides you with an opportunity to learn new things that you wouldn’t learn from your social circle.10. BOOST YOUR CONFIDENCEMost of us feel anxious whenever we think about approaching and talking to strangers.We start doubting ourselves and think of all the things that could go wrong.However, there is something I find surprising about anxiety.The more you do things that make you nervous, the less nervous you feel, and the more confident you become.By making it a habit to talk to two or three strangers every day, you gradually start becoming more comfortable with initiating conversations with strangers, and your self-confidence goes up.Whenever you find yourself in social situations, you stop feeling awkward or shy because you are already used to interacting with strangers.This also gives you the confidence to int roduce yourself to people you want to meet for some reason (such as a potential employer or a potential date).HOW TO TALK TO STRANGERSSo far, we have seen that talking to strangers has a lot of benefits.Question is, how do you actually start talking to strangers in order to take advantage of these benefits?Below are some few tips on how to talk to strangers.Detach yourself from the outcome: Most of us feel nervous about talking to strangers because we are afraid of being rejected.We start thinking of everything that could go wrong with the conversation and we eventually convince ourselves not to approach the stranger.If you want to make a habit of talking to strangers, you should detach yourself from the outcome.Don’t worry about whatever happens. If the conversation flows well, that’s great. If it doesn’t, or if the person rejects you, it doesn’t really matter.Maybe the person is having a bad day and wants to be left alone.Once you learn how to detach yourself from the outc ome, you will stop pressuring yourself, you will feel more confident, and you will be more present in the conversation.Smile and say “hi”: This is perhaps the easiest way to get into conversations with people you don’t know.This is especially useful in situations where you see a person frequently but have never actually interacted with them.The best part about this tactic is that you don’t even have to start a conversation.Simply smiling and saying hi as you pass someone on the hallway or when you meet them at the gym water cooler is enough to break the ice and start building a connection between the two of you.Even if you don’t say anything thereafter, doing it two or three times will naturally lead to a conversation.However, this does not mean that you should not start a conversation the first time. If the person gives you an enthusiastic reply, go ahead and start a conversation.The next tip shows you how to do this.Find something you have in common: After greeting someo ne, the easiest way to kick off a conversation is to find something in common between the two of you.For instance, if you are at a party, ask them how they know the host. If you are at a bookstore, ask them to suggest a nice read.Alternatively, you can initiate the conversation by giving them a compliment.Keep in mind that you don’t have to keep the conversation going on for minutes on end.Just watch how it flows and then either thank them for their time or keep it going if they seem interested.Keep the conversation light: When you start someone for the first time, you want to keep the conversation light as you build a rapport with each other.The best way to do this is to start the conversation based on things you can observe in your surroundings, such as traffic, the weather, the party, and so on.You can take the conversation deeper as both of you get more comfortable talking to each other.Ask questions: Asking questions is the simplest way of keeping a conversation with a strang er going.After giving them a compliment or making an observation about something in your immediate vicinity, ask the person something about them.Most people enjoy talking about themselves, so this will most likely work to your advantage. Remember, keep your questions light.Below are some examples of questions to get a person to talk about themselves:So, how long have you lived around this area?Tell me, what do you like about this restaurant?For how long have you been working out?I’ve seen you around. You work around here?Nice handbag. Where did you buy it?When asking questions, avoid asking questions that are deeply personal, since you might end up freaking the person out.Look friendly and approachable: When approaching someone for a conversation, try to look friendly and approachable. Make eye contact and smile as you approach them.Once you start the conversation, maintain positive body language.Even if you feel anxious or uneasy, don’t let it show. If you look uncomfortable wh en initiating a conversation with someone, it will also make them feel uncomfortable.PLACES TO TALK TO STRANGERSWhile you can strike up a conversation with a stranger almost anywhere, there are some places where approaching strangers is much easier.Below are three places where you can easily get into conversations with strangers:Businesses you frequent: If there is a business you patronize frequently, such as a bank, a restaurant, a bookstore, and so on, you can strike up conversations with its employees.What makes it easy in this case is that you already have some kind of relationship with them â€" they cash your checks, bring your food, take your payments, etc.Rather than keeping matters strictly professional, make some casual conversation with them.Ask them how their day is going, how business is doing, etc. In most cases, these people will be delighted by your interest in them, and they will most likely respond positively.People waiting in line: This is another great opportunity for you to strike up conversation with a stranger. Waiting in line is a boring activity, so most people will gladly welcome an interesting conversation.The best part about this situation is that the fact that both of you are waiting for the same thing provides you with a commonality that can act as an icebreaker and provide fodder for the conversation.When you get into a conversation when waiting in line, keep the conversation light, since you will probably only be waiting for a short time.Social events: Social events like festivals, art shows, music concerts and museum exhibitions are perhaps the easiest place for you to get into conversations with people you have never met before.Most of the people at social events expect to interact with other people, so they won’t be caught by surprise when you approach them.The best way to take advantage of these situations is to attend them by yourself.When you attend such events with friends, you will probably spend the entire time with yo ur friends.When you don’t know anyone else at the event, however, this will encourage you to put yourself out there and initiate conversations with strangers.WRAPPING UPEven if your mother taught you to look at strangers with suspicion, most people out there are not looking to kidnap you or rob you. They are simply people, just like you.Remember, all your friends started out as strangers, and there is no reason why you should not turn more strangers into friends and acquaintances.Reaching out to strangers and creating connections with them provides you with opportunities to make new friends and possibly even meet your soul mate, gain new perspective, expand your network, learn new things, improve your social skills and hopeful have fun experiences.Having learnt the benefits of talking to strangers and tips on how to actually talk to strangers, I urge you to make a habit of talking to at least two new people each day.

Elements of a Traditional Gothic Novel in The Picture of Dorian Gray - Literature Essay Samples

The Picture of Dorian Gray, by Oscar Wilde, is a classic example of a traditional Gothic novel, despite the fact that it isn’t scary. Gothic literature received its name because many examples of the genre were set during the late-medieval, or Gothic, period. It became popular in England, Germany, and the United States during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries (Buzwell). What many people don’t know about Gothic novels is that they are often based off of Romanticism, a validation of strong emotion and imagination. Basically, Gothic novels combine horror and romance, and do so in a psychological way. A Gothic novel is defined as a novel that deals with frightening or supernatural objects. Through this, it becomes visible already that this story will end tragically. Gothic novels tend to take place in gloomy settings such as old buildings (particularly castles or rooms with secret passageways), dungeons, or towers that serve as a background for the mysteriou s circumstances (Andersson). When Dorian attempts to visit the opium den to get rid of Basil’s body, we can clearly see an example of this. â€Å"A cold rain began to fall, and the blurred street-lamps looked ghastly in the dripping mist. The public-houses were just closing, and dim men and women were clustering in broken groups round their doors. From some of the bars came the sound of horrible laughter. In others, drunkards brawled and screamed.† (Wilde 128) Another eerie environment from the novel is the secret room in which the yellow book is locked. The room contains old books, mice, faded tapestries, and an odd smell of mildew. Most people would not prefer to be in such a setting because it is often spooky and leads to death.Throughout the story, the most obvious example of a Gothic novel is the use of the devil as a symbol. Lord Henry represents the devil by using his wisdom and the poisonous yellow book to corrupt Dorian, who loses his innocence and later becom es a murderer. An interesting piece of evidence to this is that Henry is often called Harry. This appears to refer to â€Å"Old Harry†, another name for the devil (Zakes). â€Å"I would give my soul† in exchange for the privilege of staying youthful for the rest of his life (Wilde 19). Unknowingly, Dorian sells his soul to the devil. He eventually realizes that he wants to be normal again, but fails, and receives his punishment: death. As an appeal to the pathos and sympathy of the reader, the female characters often face events that leave them fainting, terrified, screaming, and/or sobbing. A lonely, pensive, and oppressed heroine is often the central figure of the novel, so her sufferings are even more pronounced and the focus of attention (Junger). The women suffer all the more because they are often abandoned, left alone (either on purpose or by accident), and have no protector at times. Dorian is supposed to be Sybil’s â€Å"Prince Charming.† (Wilde 46) The connection shown is that Prince Charming saves his damsel in distress, a beautiful young woman who requires a hero to rescue her. Sybil believes that Dorian has rescued her from acting, which she poured her heart and soul into because that was the closest she could get to being in love. Finally, she is free and doesn’t have to act; she actually loves Dorian. On the other hand, Dorian does not love Sybil anymore. He was infatuated with her beautiful acting and when that disappeared, so did Dorian’s love for her. In most Gothic novels, science is used for a bad purpose. One time it is seen is when Dorian blackmails Alan Campbell, a scientist, into getting rid of Basil’s dead body by dissolving it. His equipment is described as â€Å"a large mahogany chest of chemicals.† (Wilde 120) The main way that science is used is through Lord Henry, who treats Dorian as the subject of an experiment. â€Å"And certainly Dorian Gray was a subject made to his h and, and seemed to promise rich and fruitful results.† (Wilde 43) On top of this, Lord Henry says, â€Å"I hope that Dorian will make this girl his wife†¦. and then suddenly become fascinated by someone else. He would make a wonderful study.† (Wilde 54) We are led to believe that Lord Henry is entertained by Dorian. For this reason, he has befriended him.Lastly, supernatural elements are clearly present in the novel. That would be anything of, relating to, or being above and beyond what is natural (Andersson). Often times, the events are unexplainable. In this case, it is simply impossible for a picture to change by itself, as it is for Dorian to stay youthful forever. Despite the facts, these things somehow happen anyways. Furthermore, Dorian dies and his dead body instantly becomes old, while the picture returns to its original state. All in all, a traditional Gothic novel consists of many elements. These include eerie environments, the devil, a damsel in distre ss, science used for a bad purpose, and the supernatural. Some people may argue that this novel does not represent a Gothic genre, but all of the important factors are easily visible in The Picture of Dorian Gray. Though this isn’t a very scary story, it can definitely be classified as a traditional Gothic Horror novel.

General William Tecumseh Sherman - Civil War

Issacs Newton Laws Of Motion - 2123 Words

ISSACS NEWTON LAWS OF MOTION We described the motion of an object along a straight line in terms of its position, velocity and acceleration. We saw that such a motion can be uniform or non-uniform. We have not yet discovered what causes the motion. Why does the speed of an object change with time? Do all motions require a cause? If so, what is the nature of this cause? In this chapter we shall make an attempt to quench all such curiosities. For many centuries, the problem of motion and its causes had puzzled scientists and philosophers. A ball on the ground, when given a small hit, does not move forever. Such observations suggest that rest is the â€Å"natural state† of an object. This remained the belief until Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton†¦show more content†¦If the inclinations of the planes on both sides are equal then the marble will climb the same distance that it covered while rolling down. If the angle of inclination of the right-side plane were gradually d ecreased, then the marble would travel further distances till it reaches the original height. If the right-side plane were ultimately made horizontal (that is, the slope is reduced to zero), the marble would continue to travel forever trying to reach the same height that it was released from. The unbalanced forces on the marble in this case are zero. It thus suggests that an unbalanced (external) force is required to change the motion of the marble but no net force is needed to sustain the uniform motion of the marble. In practical situations it is difficult to achieve a zero unbalanced force. This is because of the presence of the frictional force acting opposite to the direction of motion. Thus, in practice the marble stops after travelling some distance. The effect of the frictional force may be minimised by using a smooth marble and a smooth plane and providing a lubricant on top of the planes. Fig. 9.5: (a) the downward motion; (b) the upward motion of a marble on an inclined plane; and (c) on a double inclined plane An object remains in a state of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line unless compelled to change that state by an applied force. In other words, all objects resist a change in their state of motion. In a qualitative way,

Media And Journalism Ethics By Bill Kovach And Tom Rosensteil

Serving the public’s interest has always been an objective for the media. The ethic codes emphasize that journalists serve the public and that that they are dedicated to ‘truth and fairness.’ (Foreman 2010 P.25) This has been adopted by journalism organizations within this nation. Distasteful content is an ethical dilemma for the press, it is a difficult issue what is acceptable to one person may not be acceptable to another. As well as this newspapers and commercial television are under a great amount of pressure to deliver quality news that stands out from their competitors, this can have an impact on the material that they decide to use. Journalists, Bill Kovach and Tom Rosensteil’s were guided by these beliefs and formed a definition of journalisms primary purpose which is â€Å"to provide citizens with the information they need to be free and self-governing.† (Foreman 2010 p.25) In his book Media and Journalism Ethics S.P. Phadke has stated that journalists are the formulators and disseminators of news they have a great responsibility both morally and pragmatically. As it is through them that citizen’s view the world, and they set the agenda for social concern and debate. (Phadke 2008) In their book ‘The Elements of Journalism’ Kovach and Rosensteil highlight this point ‘The news media help us to define our communities and help us create a common language and common knowledge rooted in reality. Journalism also helps identify a community’s goals, heroes and villains.† A

The Influence Of German Exiles And Refugees On The World

The Influence of German Exiles and Refugees on the world. The outcome of World war II as we know it may have been very different without the influence of refugees from Nazi Germany. As the Third Reich marched across Europe, little was known of the technological advancements being made inside the country. New and advanced weapons were being created to crush any and all resistance against Hitler s armies. Among these weapons are the V-2 Rocket, The Messerschmitt ME-262 jet fighter, and the atomic bomb. These weapons would change warfare in the 20th century and beyond. Without the help of German exiles, these technologies would have never fallen into allied hands yielding a much different outcome of the second world war and the Cold War.†¦show more content†¦Adolf Hitler seized complete control in 1934 and began to Discriminate against specific religions and ethnicities. The main group Target by Hitler s Regime was the Jewish community. Top Jewish scientists were fired and many fled the country to escape the Nazis and continue their research. Einstein fled to the United states in 1933 before Hitler gained complete control and Fermi in 1938. Both continued experiments on atomic energy at Universities in the U.S. The following year, the threat was realized when German scientists published the results of a successful attempt at creating a nuclear fission reaction. With a vast knowledge of the danger the test imposes on the world, Einstein sends a letter to President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. In the letter, he urges the FDR to recognize the pending threat and begin to accelerate research and experimentation on a nuclear weapon. He also asks to stockpile the radioactive substance uranium and to fund a project to create the weapon. Both Uranium and money were necessary to beat the Germans in nuclear power, so the Manhattan project is born. General Leslie Groves is placed in command of the project while J. Robert Oppenheimer is named the lead scientist. As the war continued, the Manhattan project was placed as top priority and also deemed top secret. It was moved to Los Alamos, New Mexico in 1943. The race was underway and now in full swing. The Manhattan project was comprised of the top scientists from any of the allied

Sustainable road policy Free Essays

1. Introduction 1.1. We will write a custom essay sample on Sustainable road policy? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Definition and Description Transport is a primary factor in environmental, social and economic development due to its association with aspects of accessibility levels, goods and people’s mobility. An investigation into the development of transport necessitates implementing a regular systematic efficient plan, which will look to improve the whole transportation system for the long term. Sustainable transport is strictly needed to change the quality of life for the better. Consequently, sustainable transport is considered to be founded upon a set of interrelated instructions which aims to improve people’s mobility based on the criteria of safety, social equality, minimum land use, recycling materials and lower impacts on the environment (Marks, 2002). 1.2. Versions 1.2.1 Green Highway Vision The Highway Agency (HA) suggested the version 2030 project in 2003. The main objective of this project is to enhance the mobility of goods and people in the UK over thirty years and to predict, estimate and meet what the mobility needs in the future by considering three scenarios: global economy, sustainable lifestyle, and control and plan. Twelve visions have been proposed from this process, each depending on the aforementioned scenarios with a particular vision behind each one. The Green Highway is one of these visions and indicates to an interactive future with progressed sustainable principles such as: constructing sustainable roads and operating maintenance through using resources efficiently; â€Å"Green† materials application; high use of waste product recycling; and the re-assessing of highway design codes, considering the implications of climate change. In addition to this, noise-impact reduction and keeping biodiversity are taken into account through using eco-envir onment designs (HA, 2003). 1.2.2 Mobility Vision The second is vision 2050 which was proposed by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development in 2010. This vision imagines the sustainable future in a wider scope and attributes a longer period to make governance and business sustainable. This will be achieved by following a pathway which requires essential changes in lifestyle and policy. This pathway is supported by nine elements that link the present and the sustainable future in 2050. For instance, Mobility vision aims to improve the access provision universally for the insurance of safety and low impact mobility in order to make the best sustainable economy. In this context, to make reductions of the high volume of transportation and the information and communication technologies (ICT) it will use. Vehicle efficiency has improved through using sophisticated new technology and the alternative energy source, such as electricity, resulting in a significant decrease in the adverse impacts on the environment. Moreover, the intelligent transportation system (ITS) provides active enforcement and comprehensive mobility management which leads to safety improvement (WBCSD, 2009). 1.2.3 Vision Two These visions relate to walking and cycling in the UK in 2030. It aims to introduce cycling and walking as an eco-friendly mode for getting rid of the current negative transportation impacts by considering three sustainable visions. This also looks at the future through the concept of social building, by concentrating on five locations in the UK to imagine these impacts on a typical city. For example, a car-free, public transport oriented future encourages the use of mass transport, walking and cycling, meaning a lower volume of cars which is the main mode currently used. The significant factors that share in this vision are exploitation sophisticated technology for cars design, electric cycles, improving walking path and bicycle lanes, and small electric modes for freightage goods. These will make a city have improved sociability, a high level of safety, reduce pollution and noise due to transport, and generate high accessibility (Tight et al., 2011). 2. Discussion 2.1. Addressing Sustainability Dimensions 2.1.1 Green Highway Vision Undoubtedly, there are three important dimensions that should be concurrently taken into consideration within implementing any sustainable future transport system: environment, social, and economic (Transport Policy Advisory Services, 2010). The Green Highway vision considered the creation of sustainable environments through reducing noise nuisance, keeping biodiversity, recycling and using resources effectively. However there are other environmental aspects, such as land use and air pollution, which are not presented and impact on health more than noise. The social sustainable is presented in this vision but without clarifying how it will improve the transport sector and reduce its impacts on environment or cause an improvement in the community (Colantonio, 2007). Furthermore, the life quality enhancement results from the social sustainability (Polese and Stren, 2005). Moreover the lifestyle scenario encourages local communities to work together to achieve sustainability for life an d to enhance life quality through improved technologies and lifestyle dependence that will reduce energy use and reliance on cars. The people’s tendency to choose sustainable areas to work and live is encouraged by taking land use plan into consideration (HA, 2003). Also the concept of road construction and maintenance operations with new advanced technique are viewed without indicating to its economic dimension. As well as these processes of road infrastructure, enhancements will promote the economy through revenues from tolls and taxes (Marks, 2002). 2.1.2. Mobility Vision Comprehensively depending on the exploitation of advanced technology is the main principle of the mobility vision practicability. The environmental sustainable dimension is favourably addressed in this vision through implementing different measures, such as: reducing environment impacts; road congestion; accidents in terms of (number and cost). This will lead to a decrease in greenhouse gases and improving traffic by applying Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). Furthermore, the economic sustainable dimension is directly addressed through a concern with active transport accessibility which can enhance people’s mobility. This also includes goods freightage, inventing new vehicles, efficient alternative fuels, such as biofuels, high-efficient fuel aircraft, providing interactive transport infrastructure and new transportation means. Overall, this vision vastly considers most economic aspects. However, because of the high cost of biofuel production due to its dependence on f eedstock, such as sugarcane, ethanol can be better for use in a commercial viability (Kojima and Johnson, 2006). However, new transport costs are considered as an important target in the transport sustainability, but it is not obviously addressed (Schwaab and Thielmann, 2001). The social sustainable dimension is also addressed in this vision: through the provision of equal mobility for all; safer road networks and decreasing accident numbers close to zero (zero vision); cooperation between transportation companies with other relevant agencies; incorporation of the socio-economic environment with â€Å"integration transport system† (ITS) (WBCSD, 2009). However, the usefulness of non-motorised modes, such as cycling and walking, that improve social community and the environment are not mentioned (Tight et al., 2011). The poor class contribution is also not addressed in this vision, which is considered a key element in the social sustainability dimension. The vision addressed the environmental sustainable dimension through the efforts to reduce noise and greenhouse gases. This was achieved through the use of sophisticated transportation technology such as alternative electrical energy vehicles and â€Å"superior aerodynamic† vehicle quality improvement. However, the addressing of biodiversity and land use impacts are neglected. Nevertheless, the manufacture process of electric cars can also impact adversely on the environment due to the fact that the battery is constructed from harmful materials and uses fossil fuels for its power (Anair and Mahmassani, 2012). According to Calle et al. (2012) the use of biofuels can impact negatively on the environment because it increases greenhouse emissions in other ways, such as non-carbon aircraft emissions and the feedstock production process. Furthermore, this could lead to a potential increase in the price of foodstuffs due to this process using a greater amount of land to produce bioje tfuel (Tietenberg, 2000). 2.1.3. Vision Two This vision for walking and cycling concentrated on urban areas. The economic dimension is clearly addressed so that it considers the enhancement of mobility through improving mass transport, increasing freightage transport efficiency, and constructing separate routes for both bicycles and pedestrians. This also includes supporting and encouraging commercial markets to provide pedestrian electronic tools, and electric-powered bikes and vans. Despite the benefit to human’s health and fitness, walking and cycling causes a significant reduction in travel and congestion costs which leads to an increase in productivity by reducing wastage time. Additionally, a massive reduction in road accident costs can be noticed by allocating dedicated routes for pedestrian and bicycles, based on a reduction in conflict points between bicycles, pedestrians and cars; each conflict point is responsible of the occurrence of a crash in any time and, thus, economic improvement (BCBC, 2009). Social sustainability is vastly addressed in this vision. These will be achieved by applying the equality principle, social consolidation enhancement, public health promotion, and providing high social insurance within that future city which is espoused by this vision. However, it provides the typical social environment inclusion of required needs such as a higher socialised, better communicated, polite and cooperative people which is associated with highest safety levels and health quality. This also suggests roads which have lower car use, dedicate more space for children, and supply all required facilities for walking and cycling. In addition to this is the use of advanced technology in traffic systems, such as automatic vehicle speed reduction system (Tight et al., 2011). This vision addresses the environment dimension by making a reduction in air pollution which leads to a reduction in CO2 emission as well as less transportation noise due to low car use and a greater dependence on walking and cycling. This also includes less land use, the use of eco-friendly cars and imposing strong car use restrictions. As well as this, the walking and cycling and other non-motorized modes are defined as environmental modes due to their compatibility with clean air and that they generate no noise pollution (COUNCIL, 2007). 2.2. Transport problems Area 2.2.1. Developing Countries According to Gwilliam (2003), developing countries differ from developed countries with respect to of transportation. These differences are characterised by faster population growth, fast urban growth, car ownership, traffic congestion, environmental problems, and road accident and security issues. Movement problems added to the lack of road network quality and traffic management make it very difficult to compare and examine. The Green Highway and Vision Two for walking and cycling were placed to the UK situation to address the majority of the above-mentioned issues with a high efficiency, although it cannot be applied in the developing countries with the same efficiency. However, the â€Å"holistic approach [to] improving overall transport† has appeared as a global vision and can address the mobility of urban areas in developing countries. In this vision, the cities are categorized to four kinds, for instance, for addressing finance issues it suggests the participating of bot h private and public sectors. 2.2.2 Climate Change The greenhouse emissions which are from transportation sectors are estimated about 24% globally, and it will increase 2.1% annually (Wright and Fulton, 2005). The CO2 emission was separately estimated to be about 22% in 2012 and was recognized as a main cause of climate change (IEA, 2012). However, addressing climate change can be seen in all three visions in different approaches, but vision two is the more effective because of its preference of the non-motorised modes such as walking, cycling and using eco-friendly mass transportation modes. The Green Highway vision aims to adopt the highway design code with the impacts of climate change instead of carbon cutting. Furthermore, the Mobility vision tends to reduce future greenhouse gas emission depending on the technology use with the presence of all transport modes. 2.2.3. Equity, social impacts and inclusion The equity is considered to be a significant aspect due to its extensive influence by any transportation planning decision. However, it can be more effectively addressed through vision two, rather than other visions, because it is focused on increasing the concept of social sustainability (BCDC, 2009). Moreover, public transport accessibility, cycling and walking is crucial to make society more active, but in the mobility vision the economic improvement is taken into consideration depending on the sophisticated transportation mode technology. In addition to this, the equity improvement can be achieved by providing equal mobility. 2.2.4. Resource use, waste and global pollution Resource use is a potential option in vision two through low car use as well as greater dependence on walking and cycling. In turn this makes a significant reduction in the consumption and use of resources, such as car manufacturing or backup materials, and this leads to the reduction of waste resulting from scrap. However, the Green Highway vision addresses this issue through the high efficiency resources consumption and full attention to recycling concept application. Moreover, the Mobility vision encourages aircrafts and vehicles markets to depend on alternative fuel and observe that this may lead to an increase in resource consumption, such as compound materials which are used in the aircraft manufacturing. However, the potential for recycling carbon fibre has been was found (Job, 2010). Conversely, other modes need mass use of resources as well as the technological advancement, and ultimately, global pollution is inevitable. 2.2.5. Biodiversity The Green Highway vision concerns the addressing of biodiversity conservation through constructing of wild movement green bridges and tunnels, and water ponds. However, the Mobility vision has an adverse impact on biodiversity due to its dependence on using the largest land area to provide biojetfuel as an alternative future energy (Kojima and Johnson, 2006). Furthermore, biodiversity has not been influenced by the vision two for concentration on improving road network infrastructure in urban areas. 2.2.6. Energy Security According to DECC (2012), the transport sector contributed about 38% of total energy consumption in 2011. The Green Highway vision can impact positively in the reduction of energy consumption to some extent through focusing on road infrastructure improvement and implementing recycling materials interns to reduce energy consumption by implementing recycling and minimizing the road distance. However, in the Mobility vision, the energy security is addressed efficiently by introducing alternative fuels such as biofuel to replace fossil fuel which leads to energy security effectively (Kojima and Johnson, 2006). In the scope of foodstuffs and climate change, decreasing it seems not compatible and the increasing desire and the biofuel’s wide spread will pose a risk to food security and climate change (Field et al., 2008). Additionally, in vision two the focus on walking and cycling as well as lower car use plays a significant role in energy security; moreover, the aircraft and electr ic bicycle manufacturing require energy. 2.2.7. Safety Safety is an issue that is directly related to public life. However, this issue has not been considered in the Green Highway vision. Nevertheless, the safety is addressed in vision two through the use of alternative biofuels which are characterised by low carbon emission as well as zero vision which address safety through reducing the accidents number to close to zero. Furthermore, safety is addressed more efficiently through the use of technology that reduces vehicle speed automatically and allocates segregated lanes for pedestrians and cyclists. 2.2.8. Landscape and heritage The Green Highway vision damages landscape and heritage because of their adversely influence on the transportation infrastructure improvement process (Seiler, 2001). Though, in the Mobility vision the largest land use is to provide the requiring energy and may adversely impact the landscape. However, in vision two, improving the transportation infrastructure is based on the existing reality; therefore it does not impact on the landscape. 2.2.9. Noise The Green Highway vision addresses noise through the use of noise barriers and a defeatist road surface. However, the Mobility vision addresses noise reduction through the use electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles and aircraft with superior aerodynamics deployment. Furthermore, vision two contributes to the reduction of noise through low car use, walking and cycling and using electric modes. 2.2.10. Air pollution The Green Highway vision addresses air pollution to some degree, but not directly. However, the Mobility vision addresses this issue interactively through low carbon emission from transportation, using electric vehicles, hybrids, eco-friendly ships and aircrafts. In addition to this, it is significantly addressed by vision two through low car use, depending on walking and cycling. 2.2.11. Severance and pedestrian issues The Green Highway vision does not address severance and pedestrian safety. However, there is full attention given to public safety in the Mobility vision through pollution reduction and low carbon mobility. Moreover, vision two addresses this issue more effectively through improving pedestrian and cyclist’s mobility by allocating separate lanes for their movement and low car use. 2.3. Feasibility, global transportation issues, barriers 2.3.1. Green Highway Vision Undoubtedly, the Green Highway vision introduces an eco-design to be applied to enhance the transportation infrastructure, but it is not active to the high degree of addressing all sustainable dimensions. Good road quality brings more car use which causes environment deterioration. However, the role of advanced technology in the road performance improvement is also not considered in this vision. For example, using connected vehicles which provide the driver with all information about weather, traffic volume, road, and alerting in case the existence of problems as well as electric priority lane that charges moving vehicles automatically (Krick, 2011). In addition to this, a number of Green Highway projects with additional principles to the environmental aspect are applied in some countries such as Sweden and Norway. Consequently, until 2030 the effectiveness of this vision will expire and will not be feasible. 2.3.2 Mobility Vision Due to the presence of some features, this vision seems infeasible. However, it relies on incorporating advanced technology in transportation modes which causes a significant reduction in greenhouse emissions and requires a multi-energy source to improve the environment dimension. Moreover, the encouraging travel, car ownership, results in urbanisation, increasing congestion, increasing resource consumption and land take. Furthermore, greater battery energy consumption results in pollution in the stations and reduces the importance of eco-friendly car use. Nevertheless, technology is considered as a barrier in front of relevant authorities to decide on other dimensions (Banister, 2005). However biofuel seems inefficient due to its expected adverse impacts on the security of food and the hydrogen energy cost is estimated to be four times as much as current fuel (ibid, 2005). Albeit, due to dealing with sustainability dimensions lopsidedly as well as developing countries drawbacks in terms of their understanding and point of view towards sustainability concept countries issues, this shows unfeasibility of the vision. 2.3.3. Vision Two There is an intensive relationship between urban transportation and its impacts on the environment due to it being directly related to life quality. The main target of vision two is life quality improvement through car use avoidance, in contrast to walking and cycling prominent. Currently, the car is a common travel mode, and the average distance travelled in a car has risen by 75% between 1980 and 2008 (DfT, 2009). Accordingly, to achieve a reduction in car use is very difficult and there are a lot of barriers because it relates to the citizens’ freedoms. Therefore it is not easy to accept and to digest such a step and to give-up car ownership. However, the contradiction and non-cooperation between the institutions related to the case and difficulties in legal measures application would be another significant barrier (Banister, 2005). Moreover, causing scandalous damage to car manufacture would only serve to increase the rate of people without jobs as well as the walking and cycling leads to space strictures, and cities extension because of long distance and the lack of network quality, with harsh weather. Even though there is potential to dispose of these barriers by using technological means and strictly roads policies applying, this vision seems more efficient and applicable than others; foregoing the drawbacks, due to its compatibility to improve the tree mentioned sustainability dimensions in cities and towns. References Anair, D., Mahmassani, A. (2012) State of charge: electric vehicles’ global warming emissions and fuel-cost savings across the United States. Union of Concerned Scientists Report. [Online] www. ucsusa. org/assets/ documents/clean_vehicles/electric-carglobal-warming-emissions-report. pdf. [Accessed November 22nd 2013] Banister, D. (2005) Unsustainable transport: City transport in the new century. Oxfordshire: Routledge publication. BCBC (2009) Walking and Cycling Strategy. Borough:Bridgend County Borough Council. [online] www. Bridgend.gov.uk [Accessed November 29th 2013]. Calle, F. R. Teelucksingh, S. Thran, D. and Seiffert, M. (2012)The potential and role of biofuels in commercial air transport-biojetfuel. London: Imperial College London IEA Bioenergy. [online] www.bioenergytrade.org/†¦/T40-Biojetfuel-Report-Sept2012.pdf [Accessed November 27th 2013]. Colantonio, A. (2007) Social Sustainability: An Exploratory Analysis of its Definition, Assessment. Methods, Metrics and Tools Measuring Social Sustainability: Best Practice from Urban Renewal in the EU. 2007/01: EIBURS Working Paper Series. Oxford Brookes University. [online] oisd.brookes.ac.uk/sustainable†¦/Social Sustainability_Metrics_and_T†¦ [Accessed November 26th 2013]. COUNCIL, P. D. (2007) Walking and Cycling Strategy. [online] http://www.hume.vic.gov.au/files/82cb922e-849b-432b-b4d1-9e0e00afba15/CW225WalkingandCyclingStrategy.pdf [Accessed November 26th 2013] DECC (2012) Overall energy consumption in the UK since 1970. Department of Energy and Climate Change. URN Publication: 12D/289. [online] www.decc.gov.uk/†¦/decc/†¦/energy-consumption/2324-overall-ener [Accessed November 26th 2013]. DfT (2009) Transport trends. London: Department for Transport. [online] http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100406130654/dft.gov.uk/pgr/statistics/datatablespublications/trends/current/ [Accessed November 24th 2013]. Field, C. B. Campbell, E. and Lobell, D. B. (2008) Biomass energy: the scale of the potential resource. Trends in Ecology Evolution, Volume 23, Issue 2, 65-72. [online] http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169534708000098 [Accessed November 30th 2012]. Gwilliam, K. (2003) Urban transport in developing countries. [online] Transport Reviews, 23(2), 197-216. [online] http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01441640309893#.Umwm7XCb55g [Accessed November 20th 2013] HA (2003) Vision 2030 – Final report: An investigation into the long-term challenges and opportunities for the UK’s strategic highway network. Highways agency. WSP Civils. [online] Ltd.http://www.transportvisions.org.uk/documents/documents.htm [Accessed December 5th 2013]. IEA Statistics (2012) CO2 emissions from fuel consumption: Highlights. Paris: International Energy Agency, 2011 Edition. [online] www.iea.org/†¦/CO2emissionfromfuelcombustionHIGHLIGHTS.pdf [Accessed December 2nd 2012]. Job, S. (2010) Composite recycling: summary of recent research and development. Materials KTN Reports. [online] www.compositesuk.co.uk/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=LXN†¦ [Accessed December 4th2012]. Kirk, B., Eng, P. (2011) Connected vehicles: an executive overview of the status and trends. Globis Consulting, November, 21. [online] http://www.globisconsulting.ca/Connected_Vehicles_Globis_rpt.pdf [Accessed November 24th2013] Kojima, M., Johnson, T. (2005) Potential for biofuels for transport in developing countries. [online]http://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/20093014861.html;jsessionid=25D728151573397D1B099BB26B4D6DF1 [Accessed November 23rd 2013] Marks, D. H. (2002) The Evolving Role of Systems Analysis in Process and Methods in Large-Scale Public Socio-Technical Systems. In Proceedings of the Engineering Systems Division (ESD) Internal Symposium (pp. 251-266). [online] http://esd.mit.edu/WPS/internal-symposium/esd-wp-2003-01.08.pdf Polese, M. and Stren, R,. (Eds.), (2000) The Social Sustainability of Cities: Diversity and the Management of Change. Toronto:University of Toronto Press. Schwaab, J.A. and Thielmann, S. (2001) Economic instruments for sustainable road transport: an overview for policy makers in developing countries. Eschborn: GTZ publication. [online] lnweb90.worldbank.org/†¦/Economic_Instruments_for_Sustainable_†¦[Accessed December 2nd 2013]. Seiler, A. (2001) Ecological effects of roads: A review. Riddarhyttan: University of Agricultural Sciences, S-73091. [online] idd00s4z.eresmas.net/doc/transp/ecoeffectsonroads.pdf [Accessed December 2rd December 2013]. Tietenberg, T. H., Lewis, L. (2000) Environmental and natural resource economics (pp. 86-98). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. [online] http://www.dandelon.com/servlet/download/attachments/dandelon/ids/AT00182C23C6746888AE0C12570840044C6CE.pdf Tight, M. Timms, P. Banister, D. Bowmaker, J. Copas, J. Day, A. Drinkwater, D. Givoni, M. Guhnemann, A. Lawler, M. Macmillen, J. Miles, A. Moore, N. Newton, R. Ngoduy, D. Ormerod, M. O’Sullivan, M. Watling, D. (2011). Visions for a walking and cycling focussed urban transport system. Journal of Transport Geography 19, 1580–1589. 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Compare and Contrast Plessy V. Ferguson and Brown V. Board of Education Essay Example For Students

Compare and Contrast Plessy V. Ferguson and Brown V. Board of Education Essay Huiliang Yang HIS 112 Professor McLeod 4/24/10 Compare and Contrast Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education The Supreme Court has significant impact on molding the society of the United States, so does it play an important role in the process of the realization of equal protection on the right to education. From Plessy to Brown, every case that had milestone meaning indicated the evolution on the equal protection of the right to education, and also marked the progress of American civilization. However, there are different points between Plessy and Brown. Brown v. Board of Education was educational case of black race, but Plessy v. Ferguson is not it; the result of Plessy is isolation but equal, the Brown show us that isolation and unequal. In 1892, Plessy, Louisiana citizen sat in the white man compartment, head of train crew requirements him to the black compartment according to State Of Louisianas rules, Plessy refused. Head of train crew is called police, hands him over convicts by the court. But Plessy thought that he should enjoy the society, politics, and economical equal power similarly with the American citizens, moreover this judge to be unfair. The federal court believed that the non-white race felt he is the third-rater, their subjective imagination rather than in the legal reason. If two races in the rights of citizens and the political rights aspect are the equality, a race will not be lower than another race in the social life aspect. But if a race lowers than another race in the social life aspect, the federal constitution cannot cause them to impose the identical level. Plessy v. Ferguson document the essence is the racial segregation whether to conform to the American constitution. The federal Supreme court has made the decision which is the isolation, but equal. It had the huge influence to American afterward politics, the economy and social life. Constitution protects the equality is in the political equality, is not in societys equality, although Plessy v. Ferguson is not involves the education question. But Brown v. Board of Education is model case of racial education, Mrs and Mr Brown require local school to accept their kids to study in the whites’ school, and they are refused so that to engage in legal proceedings. The similar case also occurs in other states, basically the black minor requests the court aid and the desegregation, causes them to obtain enters its study right in the community public school. Black childrens school education has been neglected; white schools have more the curriculum rational, scientific and adequate funding for schools than blacks, the wages of their teachers higher than the wages of black school teachers. In short, isolation but equal, is the equality of slogan; in fact, it is inequality, even unequal on the surface. After Brown v. Board of Education has been proposed as a vignette of campus and educational discrimination, not only blacks suffered, but the white people are shame. Justice Harlan pointed out dealing with the rights and duties should not be considered the race whether the legislature or the judiciary. The surface is not differential treatment in the Louisiana legislation, in fact the blacks as low as nationals. If you adhere to the principles and spirit of the Constitution, this superior status is not sustainable (Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896). Brown case is one of most historic in the constitutional history of the United States Supreme Court, with the emergence of its judgments, the principle of isolation but equal is denied completely. Consequence has been not only limited to public schools, but also spread to all aspects of social life. Brown case caused major changes in American society; it was African-American civil rights movement as a starting point after World War II. Many things have to conclude one point, Court; this was same feature in these cases. Alexis de Tocqueville, 19th century French scholar visited the United States and have been devoted to the U. The Tennis Serve EssaySecondly, the US would attack the country which any attempt to threaten national security. Monroe Doctrine is a basic principle of the United States diplomacy to American; it is a diplomatic victory under the United States has not enough strong situations. Actually it is not for Latin American countries, just for the United States because of the United States is not dependent on Europe in the materials, raw materials, markets, it does not need to get natural resources through foreign plundering to survival. Pearl Harbor lead to the United States began a period of global diplomatic intervention, and World War II accelerated the development of the United States, and reaches an incredible level during World War II. After the Allies master World War II, the United States established a new international political and economic order structure. Politically, the President Roosevelt strengthens the new implementation capacity of the collective security mechanism, and he stressed that Britain, the Soviet Union, China and America, as long as the four military powers united determination to maintain peace, it will not launch another world war. This is the famous four policemen (Ettinger, 1997). Capture Panama was first step of Roosevelt’s â€Å"The Big Stick†. Panama is a small country, but it has a most value transportation so that the United States desire to get it as a neighbor. Finally, Roosevelt has the Panama effortless from British, and then makes a canal. Roosevelt has repeatedly mobilized the armed forces and the practice of arbitrary intervention in other countries; it provoked strong opposition from Latin American countries, but also leads to the national dissatisfaction. For â€Å"the ig stick policy, no matter what energy or to solve regional issues, the United States are keen on military means. In order to control two-thirds of the Middle East and world oil, the United States launched the war in Iraq. In fact, â€Å"The Big Stick policy eventually led to serious deterioration of the security situation in Iraq, insurgents continues to create the bloody explosion. In the late 20th century, the M iddle East problem did not resolved and the blood event still happened, but the â€Å"stick† face to the Africa. In addition, â€Å"the big stick† policy is often counterproductive. The United States originally wanted to stick to seize control of oil to manipulate international oil prices to combat opponents, earn huge profits, but it is the victims itself in the end. With international oil prices grew in recent years, Americans began to be overwhelmed, but Iran, Venezuela and other countries have huge oil profits. References Plessy v. Ferguson: Justice Harlan Dissents (1896), U. S. 537 Richard John Neuhaus (2009). The Pro-Life Movement as the Politics of the 1960s Retrieved from http://www. firstthings. com/article/2009/01/001-the-pro-life-movement-as-the-politics-of-the-1960s-49 Martyn Coppack (2008). Dennis Hopper Peter Fonda in Easy Rider: 1960s Counter-Culture And The Birth Of New Hollywood Retrieved from http://classicfilms. suite101. com/article. cfm/easy_rider Karine Walsh (2009). Honduras, Colombia, Cuba: the United States are Sticking with the Monroe Doctrine Retrieved from http://www. globalresearch. ca/index. php? context=va;aid=16302 Theodore Roszak (1995). The Making of a Counter Culture. University of California Press David Ettinger (1997). The UN of the â€Å"Four policemen†. Retrieve from http://www. unc. edu/depts/diplomat/archives_roll/2001_10-12/book_ettinger_fourpolice/book_ettinger_fourpolice. html

Business Economics and Suppliers Implements Strategies

Question: Describe about the Business Economics and Suppliers Implements Strategies. Answer: 1: In order to gain the maximum revenue, the suppliers implements strategies. There are a number of ways in which the suppliers are able to increase their revenue depending upon the market demand and supply of the product. Case 1: Introduction In a perfectly competitive market, the suppliers intend to lower the price of the products offered to the customers in the market, when the market economy is slow. Lowering the price level allows the supplier to sell more products and earn higher revenue. Analysis Li Zhang, (2013) stated that if the demand curve of the product supplied is perfectly elastic, then the customers are likely to purchase lesser quantity and thus, reducing the price is beneficial in increasing the revenue (Refer to appendix 1). From the figure, it can be inferred that at price level P1 (Rs. 5 per unit) the amount sold is Q1 (10 units), then the revenue obtained by the supplier is P1*Q1 = 50. On the other hand, with the decrease in the price level P2 (Rs. 3 per unit), the quantity sold is Q2 (25 units). The new revenue earned is P2*Q2= 75. Conclusion Therefore, the supplier is able to increase the revenue by lowering the price, if the demand is perfectly elastic (Negash Kirschen, 2014). Case 2: Introduction The supplier can decide to raise the price level of the goods so as to boost up the revenue if the products offered by the supplier have a perfectly inelastic demand curve. Analysis For such a commodity, the consumers would purchase the same quantity of product even if the price level is high (Refer to appendix 2). As per the diagram, the initial price level is P1 (Rs. 3 per unit) and the quantity sold is Q1 (8 units) and the revenue earned is P1*Q1= 24. Conclusion The perfectly inelastic demand curve indicates that rise in the price level will not affect the demand to large extent. The new price level is P2 (Rs. 7 per unit) and the quantity sold is Q2 (6 units). The new revenue thus earned is P2*Q2= 42. 2: Introduction Every economy has diverse natural, capital and human resources and has separate ways in which the resources are combined. Thus, a country is not similarly resourceful in producing all goods and services. The decision regarding the producing of goods have certain opportunity costs (Johnson, 2013). Analysis If a country is efficient in producing all the goods efficiently than any other country then it has an absolute advantage. However, Feenstra, (2015) opined that trade is necessary as the notion of comparative advantage is present, which is a condition in which a country produces a particular product at a lower opportunity cost than other economies. Hence, even if a country has absolute advantage it can engage in trade with other countries that have a comparative advantage in producing the particular goods. Conclusion The engagement in the trade will allow the countries taking part in the trade to gain a mutual benefit, as absolute advantage is a condition where the there is no mutual benefits. Thus, a country is able to produce all products more competently than the other economies even have a need to engage in trade to gain further advantage. References Feenstra, R. C. (2015). Advanced international trade: theory and evidence. Princeton university press. Johnson, H. G. (2013). International Trade and Economic Growth (Collected Works of Harry Johnson): Studies in Pure Theory. Routledge. Li, C., Zhang, F. (2013). Advance demand information, price discrimination, and preorder strategies. Manufacturing Service Operations Management, 15(1), 57-71. Negash, A. I., Kirschen, D. S. (2014, July). Optimizing demand response price and quantity in wholesale markets. In 2014 IEEE PES General Meeting| Conference Exposition (pp. 1-5). IEEE.